Supported by the Darwin Initiative, a study of the Lobarion pulmonariae communities as indicators of primaeval forests began in 1997 within the "Stuzhytsia" Regional Landscape Park (RLP). Although the region covered by the park has been well studied by several lichenologists, especially by J. Nadvornik (1930s), a special examination of Lobarion has not hitherto been carried out. From our study we can make the following first conclusions and recommendations. Our information on the diversity and distribution of Lobarion confirms the presence of primaeval forests in some upper parts (above 900 m alt.) of Mount Semenivka, Kremenetz, the ridges "Kaminny", "Yasenny", and on Mount Cheremkha. Some remnants of Lobarion were located in lower parts of massifs in wet valleys indicating that primaeval forest was distributed throughout this region both on mountains and in valleys. Poor species diversity of Lobarion in upper parts of the mountains may be connected with "long-range" atmospheric pollution (acid rain) over the last 30-40 years. The old practice of leaving some mature sycamore "seed-trees" in the upper part of the massifs favoured survival of Lobarion. In areas where commercial forestry continues, this practice should be restored. Survival of Lobarion in the wet valleys is at a critical stage due to over-shading, especially from Abies and Carpinus regeneration. In some areas we have proposed forestry management to make localities much lighter and to favour growth maturity of Acer, Fraxinus and Ulmus. We have proposed extension of a botanical reserve in Kostrino forestry and our lichenological data support the proposal to provide special protection for the primaeval beech forest on Mount Cheremkha.