Leaf-inhabiting conidial fungi were studied in protected and disturbed ecosystems of Zakarpatska Oblast. Within the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve, 45 species from 16 genera were detected. Septoria Sacc. (13 species), Phyllosticta Pers. (9), Ascochyta Lib. (3) and Ramularia Unger (3) predominated and were widespread. Conidial fungi were most numerous in the Chornohora and Stuzhitsa forest massifs of the reserve, both of which had a high diversity of vascular plants. Ramularia sambucina Sacc., the Melasmia anamorph of Rhytisma acerinum (Pers.) Fr., Septoria aegopodii Desm., Septoria rubi Westend., Septoria scabiosicola (Desm.) Desm. and Septoria stachydis Roberge & Desm were common in the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve. The following fungi were observed making intensive invasions of plants: Ramularia sambucina Sacc. (Chornohora massif and Kuziy); Phoma macrostoma Mont. (Chornohora and Stuzhitsa massifs); Septoria hyperici Desm. (Chornohora massif); Septoria stachydis Roberge & Desm. (Chornohora and Stuzhitsa massifs, and Kuziy). Rare and highly host-specific conidial fungi were also found in the Carpathian Biosphere Reserve. Phyllosticta betonicae Brunaud, Phyllosticta lantanoides Peck and Septoria hyperici Desm., all recorded very sporadically in Ukraine, were collected in the reserve, and appear to be new for the Ukrainian Carpathians. The occurrence of Septoria tormentillae Roberge & Desm. on the endemic plant Sieversia montana (L.) R. Br., and of the Seimatosporium anamorph of Discostroma corticola (Fuckel) Brockmann on Malus sylvestris Mill. are also worth noting. Study of unprotected forests of beech, hornbeam, oak and spruce and of farmland in the region also revealed a higher diversity of leaf-inhabiting conidial fungi. Favourable conditions for development of these species were half-shaded forest glades, streams banks, edges and plantings. Within the sampling area as a whole, 135 species of conidial fungi from 32 genera were recorded. This number is larger because of the diversity of ecosystems covered, including ruderal areas and sites of active agriculture and forestry. Examination of different plant communities showed that the species composition of their associated fungi can change. Within a given forest type, dominant conidial fungi are less widespread when disturbance has occurred. Species of the r- and K- selection types are stable in protected ecosystems. Species with r-selection type tend to predominate in disturbed ecosystems. Levels of traffic and industrial pollution affect populations of conidial fungi with different life-strategies. Microsphaeropsis olivacea (Bonord.) Höhn., Ramularia urticae Ces., Septoria graminum Desm. and Seimatosporium kriegerianum (Bres.) Morgan-Jones & B. Sutton were widespread and common in disturbed ecosystems.